Foreign Driver's License in the US: State Rules

35 states trade licenses from certain countries without every test
42 states end a non-citizen's card with the authorized stay
49 states make insurance a must; New Hampshire is the exception
1 year: how long an IDP issued for U.S. use lasts

Which state will you drive in?

Choose a state to see whether visitors may use a home license, the tests for a resident, the countries it swaps and the papers it asks for.

Disclaimer: This guide is for informational and planning purposes based on official state sources. DMV rules, fees, and grace periods can change. Always verify your final requirements directly with your destination state's official motor vehicle agency.

Visiting, or living here?

On a visit

Many states let a visitor drive on a valid license from home; some also want an International Driving Permit (IDP) with it. Ask each state you'll drive in.
An IDP is a translation that goes with your own license, never a license on its own. The United States doesn't hand them to visitors: you get one at home, before the trip.
A rental desk may ask for both papers, whatever the state's rule.

Once you live here

A resident drives on a license from the state where they live. Each state decides when you count as one, and its card then works in every other state.
Expect the written and road tests, unless the state has a swap agreement with your country (below). An eye check is part of nearly every application.
Coming from another U.S. state? That is a simpler swap: moving to a new state.

Sources: USAGov: Driving in the U.S. if you are not a citizen

The papers licensing offices check

What each paper is, so the list on a state's page makes sense. Whether you qualify is decided by the state and by federal immigration law, never by this page.

Passport and visa: Your passport proves who you are; the visa inside shows how you entered. Travellers from visa-exempt countries such as Canada show the passport alone.
Form I-94: The arrival and departure record made when you enter. Students are told to wait 10 days after arriving before applying, so it reaches every government system.
Form I-20 and the I-766 card: Students on F or M visas bring every signed I-20; those on practical training also bring their employment authorization card (I-766), whose A-number the office checks.
The SAVE check: SAVE is a USCIS service that tells a licensing office your immigration status or citizenship. It confirms status only: the state still makes the decision on the license.
Social Security number: As a rule, only non-citizens with permission to work from Homeland Security can get a number. States that ask for one accept something else from people who can't, such as a letter from Social Security refusing the application.

Sources: Study in the States (DHS): Driving in the United States; USCIS: About SAVE; Social Security Administration: Can a noncitizen get a number?

Which states swap your country's license?

These states list agreements that let a license from these countries be exchanged with fewer tests (which ones it saves differs; see each state's card). "Part" means some provinces only.

Taiwan 30Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
South Korea 26Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
Germany 22Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
Canada 18Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas (part), Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Maine (part), Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York (part), Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington (part)
France 16Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin
Japan 8Colorado, Hawaii, Indiana, Maryland, Ohio, Oregon, Virginia, Washington
Marshall Islands 3Louisiana, Minnesota, South Carolina
Micronesia 3Louisiana, Minnesota, South Carolina
Palau 2Louisiana, South Carolina
Mexico 1Massachusetts
Switzerland 1Louisiana
United Arab Emirates 1Texas

Foreign license rules in all 50 states

Tests are for someone who lives here and holds a license from another country. "Not stated" means the state's pages don't say.

Licenses issued abroad, as each state's licensing agency describes them (checked Nov 2026).
State	Visitors	Written test	Road test	Swaps licenses with
Alabama	Yes	Yes	Yes	Germany, South Korea, Taiwan
Alaska	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Canada, South Korea
Arizona	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan
Arkansas	Not stated	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada (part), Germany, France, Taiwan, South Korea
California	Yes	Yes	Yes	Not stated
Colorado	Not stated	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, France, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan
Connecticut	Not stated	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, Germany, France
Delaware	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Germany, Taiwan, France
Florida	Not stated	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, France, Germany, Taiwan, South Korea
Georgia	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	South Korea, Taiwan
Hawaii	Not stated	Sometimes	Sometimes	Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
Idaho	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Germany, South Korea, Taiwan
Illinois	Yes	Yes	Yes	Not stated
Indiana	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Japan, Taiwan
Iowa	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	France, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan
Kansas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Not stated
Kentucky	Not stated	Sometimes	Sometimes	Taiwan, South Korea
Louisiana	Not stated	Yes	Yes	Germany, Switzerland, South Korea, Taiwan, Marshall Islands, Palau, Micronesia
Maine	Not stated	Yes	Yes	Canada (part)
Maryland	Yes	Yes	Yes	South Korea, France, Germany, Taiwan, Japan, Canada, Canada (part)
Massachusetts	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, Mexico, South Korea, Germany, France, Taiwan
Michigan	Yes	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated
Minnesota	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Germany, Taiwan
Mississippi	Yes	Yes	Not stated	Not stated
Missouri	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Not stated
Montana	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Taiwan, South Korea
Nebraska	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated
Nevada	Yes	Yes	Yes	Taiwan
New Hampshire	Yes	Yes	Yes	Canada, France
New Jersey	Not stated	Yes	Sometimes	Taiwan, South Korea
New Mexico	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Not stated
New York	Yes	Yes	Yes	Canada (part)
North Carolina	Yes	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated
North Dakota	Yes	Yes	Yes	Not stated
Ohio	Not stated	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
Oklahoma	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, France, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan
Oregon	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, Japan, South Korea, Germany, Taiwan
Pennsylvania	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	France, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan
Rhode Island	Yes	Yes	Yes	Not stated
South Carolina	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, Micronesia, France, Germany, Marshall Islands, Palau, South Korea, Taiwan
South Dakota	Yes	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated
Tennessee	Yes	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated
Texas	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	France, Germany, South Korea, United Arab Emirates, Taiwan
Utah	Yes	Yes	Sometimes	Taiwan, South Korea
Vermont	With an IDP	Not stated	Not stated	Taiwan
Virginia	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada, France, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan
Washington	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	Canada (part), Germany, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan
West Virginia	Yes	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated
Wisconsin	Yes	Sometimes	Sometimes	France, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan
Wyoming	Yes	Not stated	Not stated	Not stated

Three common misunderstandings

"An International Driving Permit lets me drive anywhere."It only translates the license you already hold, and it's no use without that card.
"Every state swaps a foreign license."Only 35 states list countries they swap with. Elsewhere a new resident sits the tests like anyone else.
"A license from one state only counts in that state."A license from your home state is good in all the others.

State by state

Written from each state's licensing pages, with the month they were read. Check with the state before you apply: rules for non-citizens change more often than most.

Alabama

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A non-resident aged 16 or older may drive in Alabama with a valid license from their home country in their possession.
International Driving PermitNoted: ALEA lists a current international driver license or permit as a secondary identity document; it does not call it a license on its own.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: Anyone never licensed in Alabama takes the driver examination; the 30-day and one-year rules cover licenses from other US states. Holders from agreement countries skip the road test.
License swaps3 countries: Alabama has license recognition agreements with Taiwan, Korea and Germany: a holder shows a valid license and documents and does not take the road skills test.
DocumentsForeign passport with valid U.S. visa · I-94 · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · EAD (I-766): A non-citizen brings a valid foreign passport with an accepted visa, or a resident card, and an immigration paper such as an I-94 or I-797. Only certain offices take these applications.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A foreign national's license is marked as such and ends when the immigration document shown at application expires; renewing means applying again like a first-time applicant.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Non-citizens show proof of their Social Security number, or a letter from Social Security saying they are not eligible for one.
Car insuranceRequired: Alabama requires every car on public roads to be covered by liability insurance, or by a liability bond or cash deposit.

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Alaska

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A visitor may drive in Alaska on a valid foreign license for up to 90 days; carry an official translation if it is not in English.
International Driving PermitNoted: Alaska does not issue International Driving Permits and does not require one; a license not in English should come with an official translation from your embassy.
Tests for a licenseWritten and eye; road sometimes: The written and vision tests apply to every transfer. The driving test is skipped for a license from Canada or South Korea held in the last 5 years.
License swaps2 countries: A license from Canada or South Korea (held in the last 5 years) skips the driving test; the written and vision tests still apply.
DocumentsForeign passport with immigration documents · I-94 · I-551 Permanent Resident Card · EAD (I-766): Non-citizens bring original, unexpired immigration documents. The DMV checks them through the federal SAVE program, which can sometimes take extra time.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: Alaska may issue a shorter license that ends when your authorized stay in the United States ends.
Social Security numberOr another proof: If you have a Social Security number it goes on the application; if not, you bring Social Security paperwork showing no number was issued.
Car insuranceRequired: Drivers and owners must carry motor vehicle liability insurance or self-insurance; the statute exempts some roads not linked to the main highway system.

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Arizona

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A visitor may drive in Arizona on a valid license from their home country.
International Driving PermitRecommended: An International Driving Permit is not required but is recommended, as it is printed in English and is used together with your own license.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Everyone has a vision screening. Written and road tests are required unless your license is from Canada, Germany, South Korea or Taiwan.
License swaps4 countries: A valid license from Canada, Germany, South Korea or Taiwan is exempt from both the written and road tests.
DocumentsEmployment Authorization Card · I-94 · I-20 or DS-2019 (F1 and J1) · Permanent Resident Card: Every applicant proves that their presence is authorized under federal law and shows proof of Arizona residency. F1 and J1 holders also bring an I-20 or DS-2019.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: It runs out when your authorized presence document does, and you renew it with new documents once your stay is extended.
Car insuranceRequired: Every vehicle on Arizona roads must carry Arizona liability insurance from a company allowed to do business in the state.

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Arkansas

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Holders from the agreement countries are not tested and are sent to the Department of Finance and Administration; the vision test applies to every applicant.
License swaps5 countries: Under reciprocal agreements, license holders from Manitoba (Canada), Germany, France, Taiwan and South Korea may get an Arkansas license without testing.
DocumentsPassport with U.S. visa and current I-94 · Permanent Resident Card · Employment Authorization Card (with Social Security card): Non-citizens show a passport with a U.S. visa and current I-94, a Permanent Resident Card or an Employment Authorization Card as their main identity document.
Social Security numberAsked for: To get an Arkansas license or ID, the revenue office asks for proof of legal presence, a Social Security card and any out-of-state license.
Car insuranceRequired: Arkansas law (A.C.A. 27-22-104 and others) requires drivers to show their license, proof of insurance and registration when an officer asks.

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California

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A non-resident over 18 may drive with a valid license from where they live. Visitors aged 16 or 17 may drive up to ten days unless they get a DMV nonresident minor's certificate.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: With a license from another country you follow the same steps as an out-of-state driver (knowledge and vision tests) and also pass a driving test.
DocumentsForeign passport with U.S. visa and approved I-94 · Permanent Resident Card · I-797 notice · EAD (I-766): Applicants show an original document proving name, birth date and legal presence; the DMV checks it electronically with USCIS, and by copy if that fails.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: If your legal presence document expires in under five years, you get a limited-term license that ends with it; it can be extended with a new document.
Social Security numberAsked for: Anyone who has a Social Security number must give it on the application.
Car insuranceRequired: Every vehicle driven or parked on California roads needs insurance; a cash deposit, surety bond or DMV self-insurance certificate also counts.

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Colorado

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseWritten and road sometimes: A license from another country goes through the full Colorado process, permit and tests included, unless it comes from one of the reciprocal countries.
License swaps6 countries: U.S. citizens and permanent residents with a valid license from these countries skip the permit and the written and driving tests. Taiwan and Japan need a consular letter; motorcycle and CDL classes are not covered.
DocumentsEmployment Authorization Document (I-766) · Foreign passport with U.S. visa and printed I-94 · I-20 (F or M status) · DS-2019 (J status): Temporary residents bring one original immigration document (or the listed pairs); papers not in English need a certified translation.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: Temporary residents get a Standard license with a black banner saying it is not valid for federal ID, voting or public benefits; it lasts 3 years.
Car insuranceRequired: Every driver in Colorado must carry at least the state minimum liability insurance; proof is needed to register a car.

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Connecticut

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Licenses from countries other than Canada, Germany or France cannot be transferred: you start with an adult learner's permit (vision and knowledge tests), then the road test.
License swaps3 countries: A valid license from these countries transfers the same way as one from another state: a vision test, no knowledge or road test.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card · Employment Authorization Card · I-94 in unexpired foreign passport · DS-2019 (J-1): Documents must be valid and unexpired; the DMV checks immigration status with USCIS through SAVE, which can take 10 days or more. A first license for a non-citizen is applied for at a hub office.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give your Social Security number, or a letter from the Social Security Administration saying you are not eligible for one.
Car insuranceRequired: Connecticut requires continuous insurance on every registered vehicle; a lapse is reported to the DMV.

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Delaware

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A non-resident over 16 with a valid license from their home country may drive in Delaware while carrying that license.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Drivers licensed in another country pass the eye, knowledge and road tests, except holders of a license from a reciprocity country (Class D only). You may keep your foreign license.
License swaps3 countries: These licenses skip the knowledge and road tests for a Class D license only; endorsements are not covered.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Passport with visa and I-94 (or I-94W) · I-20 (F-1/F-2, M-1 students) · DS-2019 or IAP-66 (J-1/J-2): The DMV verifies immigration documents electronically through SAVE and cannot issue a license without that check.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: For non-immigrants the license ends with the authorized stay; when the stay is "duration of status" or indefinite, it is issued for one year.
Social Security numberAsked for: Giving your Social Security number is mandatory if you are eligible for one.
Car insuranceRequired: A vehicle owner must show financial responsibility by buying liability insurance (including PIP) from a company licensed in Delaware before registering.

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Florida

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: The knowledge and driving tests are waived only for licenses from the reciprocity list; a vision exam is always required.
License swaps5 countries: These licenses skip the Class E knowledge and driving tests; Germany skips the driving test only, and Canadians must hand in their Canadian license.
DocumentsEmployment authorization card (I-766) · I-94 with passport and U.S. visa · I-20 (F-1, M-1) · DS-2019 (J-1, J-2): Documents must be valid more than 60 days. You first get a 60-day paper permit; the license is mailed once identity and status are verified.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A non-immigrant's license lasts as long as the USCIS document allows, never more than one year.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Non-immigrants show an SSN unless their status does not allow work; some with work-authorized papers need an SSA letter of ineligibility instead.
Car insuranceRequired: Drivers and vehicle owners must keep insurance (PIP and property damage liability) under the No-Fault and Financial Responsibility laws.

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Georgia

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A non-US citizen with a valid foreign license may drive in Georgia for tourism or business; an officer may ask for your passport or visa to check the license.
International Driving PermitNoted: The manual names an IDP only for non-resident students: their home license must come with an IDP when it is not in English.
After you move here30 days: A non-US citizen who becomes a Georgia resident (a job here, or 30 days in the state) must get a Georgia license within 30 days.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Without a reciprocity agreement you pass Georgia's written, road and vision tests; reciprocity licenses still take the vision exam.
License swaps2 countries: South Korean licenses with a certification letter from the consulate skip the knowledge and road tests, though the eye test stays. Georgia also has an agreement with Taiwan.
DocumentsUnexpired foreign passport with U.S. visa · I-94 or I-797A · I-20 (F or M status) · DS-2019 (J status): Bring original immigration documents in person each time; Georgia accepts no translated documents and checks status through SAVE.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: Cards for non-US citizens say "LIMITED-TERM" and last for the approved stay, five years at most.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give a Social Security number. If you are not eligible for one, complete form DDS-351, a certification that Social Security denied a number.
Car insuranceRequired: You need proof of Georgia auto liability insurance to title and register a vehicle.

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Hawaii

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Valid licenses from Japan, Korea and Taiwan can be swapped without the written and road tests. Other foreign drivers apply for a permit (eye and written test), then take the road test.
License swaps3 countries: These three countries' valid licenses skip the written and road tests. You bring a notarized consulate letter, and an expired license doesn't qualify.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Employment Authorization Document (I-766) · Foreign passport with U.S. visa and I-94 · FAS passport with I-94: One original document proves lawful presence, such as a green card, an EAD, or a foreign passport with a U.S. visa and an I-94. Documents must be in English or translated.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: Someone allowed to stay in the U.S. for a set time gets a limited-term license that ends with that stay (one year at most if the date can't be checked).
Social Security numberOr another proof: Without a Social Security number, you ask the Social Security office for a letter saying you aren't eligible and bring it to the licensing office.
Car insuranceRequired: Hawaii law requires every vehicle to be insured.

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Idaho

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Idaho law lets a nonresident drive a car on a valid license from their home country, as long as they haven't become an Idaho resident.
International Driving PermitNoted: The Idaho DMV doesn't issue International Driving Permits; Idaho drivers who need one get it from AAA.
Tests for a licenseWritten and eye; road sometimes: Every foreign driver takes the knowledge test. The skills test is waived for German licenses, and for Korean and Taiwanese licenses that are handed in; everyone else takes it.
License swaps3 countries: Only the skills test is waived: always for Germany, and for Korea and Taiwan when the driver hands in the foreign license. The knowledge test is still required.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card · Employment Authorization Document (I-766) · I-94 · I-797: Non-citizens show proof of lawful presence, which the office checks with USCIS. An I-94 doesn't count for some visitor categories (B1, B2, WB, WT, K1).
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: For someone who isn't a citizen or permanent resident, the license ends with their lawful stay or after four years, whichever comes first (one year if the papers show no end date).
Social Security numberOr another proof: You give your Social Security number for checking. If you were never given one, you bring a letter from the Social Security Administration saying so, again at each renewal.
Car insuranceRequired: Your vehicle must be insured with a company licensed in Idaho; the DMV checks coverage electronically.

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Illinois

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A visitor who isn't moving here for good may drive on a valid license from their home country for their whole stay.
International Driving PermitRecommended: Illinois doesn't accept an International Driving Permit as a license on its own, but recommends carrying one so your license has an English translation.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: Someone moving here from another country takes the vision, written and road tests, and shows proof of insurance for the road test.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Refugee Travel Document (I-571) · Employment Authorization Card (I-766) · I-797A: These immigration documents are among those the office accepts to prove name and date of birth; some also prove legal presence.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Applicants without a Social Security number sign a statement on the application that they can't get one.
Car insuranceRequired: Illinois has a mandatory insurance law: anyone who drives here must be insured.

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Indiana

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: You may drive in Indiana on a license from another country. If it isn't in English and has no English headings, carry an International Driving Permit or another translation with it.
International Driving PermitNoted: An IDP is only a translation, not a license: carry it with your own license. It is one way to meet the English rule, and you get it in your home country.
Tests for a licenseWritten and eye; road sometimes: Foreign license holders pass the vision, knowledge and driving skills exams. The skills exam is waived under a reciprocity agreement.
License swaps2 countries: Drivers 18 or older with a license from these countries (valid, or expired under three years) skip the skills exam but still take the knowledge and vision exams.
DocumentsForeign passport · I-94 · U.S. visa · DS-2019: Lawful status documents are checked through the federal SAVE system; a foreign passport is shown with an I-94 and U.S. visa.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: With temporary lawful status, the license runs no later than the end of your lawful stay, and the credential carries Restriction 9.
Social Security numberOr another proof: You show proof of a Social Security number or proof that you aren't eligible for one (a letter from the Social Security Administration).
Car insuranceRequired: Everyone driving in Indiana must carry at least the state's minimum liability insurance for the vehicle they drive.

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Iowa

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: No Iowa license is needed while you drive here as a visitor or student on a current license from your home country.
International Driving PermitNoted: A student's foreign license may need an English translation; the DOT points to your consulate or AAA's International Driving Permit for one.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Foreign license holders take the knowledge, driving and vision tests; the knowledge and driving tests may be waived for a valid license from a country with a reciprocity agreement.
License swaps4 countries: A valid, unexpired license from these countries may let you skip the knowledge and driving tests.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Employment Authorization Document (I-766 or I-688B) · Foreign passport with U.S. visa and I-94: Non-citizens prove identity and lawful status with an unexpired USCIS document, which the DOT checks with USCIS (through SAVE when a manual review is needed).
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A temporary foreign national's license says "limited term" and lasts only as long as the verified stay, two years at most (one year if the status has no end date).
Social Security numberOr another proof: You give your Social Security number. Someone applying with a foreign passport, visa and I-94 may instead show they aren't authorized to work.
Car insuranceRequired: Anyone driving in Iowa, in their own car or someone else's, must be covered by a liability insurance policy.

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Kansas

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Non-residents 16 and up may drive a car or motorcycle here on their own current license from home, kept on them while driving.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: A license from another country means the vision, written and driving tests, except for the reciprocity places Kansas names.
DocumentsEmployment authorization card · Permanent resident card · I-94 with valid passport · I-20 with valid passport (students): Non-citizens show a proof of lawful presence; the office's examples are these documents.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: For many non-citizens the license lasts only for the authorized stay (one year if no end date) and is marked as temporary with its end date.
Car insuranceRequired: Every vehicle owner must carry motor vehicle liability insurance, unless the vehicle is under an approved self-insurance plan or another listed exception.

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Kentucky

Official pages read Nov 2026

International Driving PermitNoted: Kentucky names the International Driving Permit alongside a valid foreign license for visitors.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Licenses from Taiwan and South Korea: vision test only. Other foreign licenses: written and road tests too; some must start with a permit.
License swaps2 countries: With a valid license from these reciprocity countries, only the vision test is needed.
DocumentsOriginal immigration documents for your status · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · I-797C (pending extension) · Notarized translation of a foreign license: Non-citizens bring original immigration documents; the office confirms them through the federal SAVE check.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A non-citizen's license ends when their USCIS documents expire; some special statuses get a 4-year license.
Social Security numberAsked for: New residents bring a Social Security card along with proof of legal presence and residency.
Car insuranceRequired: A vehicle owner may not drive in Kentucky until they have Kentucky insurance.

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Louisiana

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: Without a reciprocity agreement, a foreign license holder shows driver's education and passes the knowledge, vision and road tests.
License swaps7 countries: Licenses from these places skip driver's education and the knowledge and road tests; the vision test is still needed.
DocumentsForeign passport with immigration documents · Permanent resident card: The office verifies immigration status before issuing; a foreign passport must come with immigration papers covering at least 180 days.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A lawfully present non-citizen's license or ID must carry a restriction code.
Car insuranceRequired: Every motor vehicle registered in Louisiana must have liability insurance, a bond or another approved form of security.

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Maine

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: Apart from Canadians, drivers new to the U.S. pass the written and road tests, even if licensed at home; everyone has a vision screening.
License swaps1 country: A license from a Canadian province is handled like one from another U.S. state: an eye screening, with the written and road tests possibly skipped.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card · I-94 Arrival/Departure Form · Employment Authorization Document (EAD) · I-20 or DS-2019 (SEVIS forms): Non-citizens prove legal presence with valid, unexpired immigration documents; these are the ones the office lists most often.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: If you are not a citizen or permanent resident, your license ends with your authorized stay (or its normal date, if sooner), and lasts at least 120 days.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give your Social Security number; if you are not eligible for one, show an unexpired immigration document such as an I-94 instead.
Car insuranceRequired: Owners and drivers of vehicles registered here must keep the minimum financial responsibility (insurance).

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Maryland

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Someone who lives outside the U.S. may drive on a valid license from their country, for the classes it covers, if old enough for Maryland's rules.
International Driving PermitNoted: A foreign license not in English must come with an international driver's license or an English translation by an MVA-approved translator.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: Knowledge and driving tests are needed (in your own vehicle), plus vision; waived for some places. Never U.S.-licensed? A 3-hour safety program too.
License swaps7 countries: Reciprocity (Korea, France, Germany, Taiwan, Japan; 18+, car license only) waives the knowledge and skills tests; Canada and Yukon licenses may be waived too.
DocumentsOut-of-country license · English translation or international driver's license · Proof of age, identity and Maryland residency · Lawful status documents, where needed: Where needed, lawful status is checked electronically with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (SAVE).
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: With temporary lawful status, the license ends with the authorized stay (one year if no end date) and says it is temporary.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Some applicants show a Social Security card or a letter saying they are not eligible for a number.
Car insuranceRequired: Every vehicle registered in Maryland must have active auto insurance at all times.

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Massachusetts

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Visitors 16 or older may drive on a valid foreign license. If it isn't in English, carry an IDP or an accepted English translation with it.
International Driving PermitRequired: Needed only when the license isn't in English: an IDP or a similar English translation. The RMV doesn't accept documents sold as an 'international license'.
Tests for a licenseWritten and road sometimes: From a listed country, no written or road test. From anywhere else, you take the learner's permit exam and a road test like a new driver.
License swaps6 countries: These licenses convert without the written and road tests. Canada, Mexico and U.S. territories still need an eye test and a recent driving record.
DocumentsSocial Security number or SSA denial notice · Passport with visa · I-94: A denial notice must come with your visa and I-94. A REAL ID also needs a document showing lawful presence in the U.S.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A REAL ID license may be issued for under 5 years, matching how long your lawful presence lasts.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give a Social Security number, or a Social Security denial notice along with your visa and I-94.
Car insuranceRequired: You need auto insurance to register a car; the law sets four compulsory coverages.

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Michigan

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Visitors may drive on a foreign license printed in English or carried with an English translation. Drivers from countries not on the treaty list must also show proof of legal presence.
International Driving PermitNoted: The SOS calls an IDP an English translation of your license; it is not a license by itself. It comes from the country that issued your license.
DocumentsForeign passport with U.S. visa · I-94 or admission stamp · I-20 (F visa) · DS-2019 (J visa): Immigration documents are checked through the federal SAVE system, which can take more than a day. A foreign license counts only as driving experience, not as ID.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: By law a Michigan license ends on the date your legal presence in the U.S. ends, if that comes before the normal expiry.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Show proof of a Social Security number, or an SSA-L676 letter of ineligibility from Social Security that is under a year old.
Car insuranceRequired: Registering a vehicle here needs proof of Michigan No-Fault insurance on it.

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Minnesota

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Visitors 15 and up may drive on a current license issued at home, carried while driving.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Most foreign licenses: written and road test, no permit needed first, and a translation if not in English. Canada, Germany and Taiwan have their own rules.
License swaps5 countries: Canada, Micronesia and the Marshall Islands: no written or road test (21+ with a valid license). Germany and Taiwan: written test and vision check, no road test if you surrender your license.
DocumentsForeign passport with U.S. visa and I-94 · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · EAD (I-766) · I-20 or DS-2019 (with a DS-endorsed I-94): A standard license needs no proof of immigration status: two identity documents and a Minnesota address. The documents listed are for a REAL ID.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A REAL ID for someone with temporary lawful status is marked 'temporary'. A standard license carries no mark about status.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Without a Social Security number, you may choose not to give one for a standard license or permit.
Car insuranceRequired: Owners must keep no-fault coverage with liability insurance on any car registered or kept in Minnesota.

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Mississippi

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Non-residents over 16 need no Mississippi card as long as they carry a current license issued where they live.
Tests for a licenseWritten and eye: A non-citizen applicant meets every usual requirement, including the knowledge test and eye exam.
DocumentsPassport · Visa · I-94 · Permanent Resident Card (I-551): The office confirms immigration documents through the federal SAVE program; if that isn't immediate, the card can take up to 30 days.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: Some non-citizens get a limited-term license that expires with their authorized stay, at most 4 years. Renewal is in person only.
Car insuranceRequired: Every vehicle driven in Mississippi must carry liability insurance, with proof kept in the car.

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Missouri

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Non-residents 16 and up need no Missouri card while they carry a current license issued where they live.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Without a license from a U.S. state or from a country with a license-exchange agreement, you take the full exam, which includes vision.
DocumentsForeign passport with U.S. visa and I-94 · EAD · I-20 · DS-2019: Applicants show proof of lawful status along with identity, Social Security number and a Missouri address.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: By law a Missouri license can't last longer than the holder's lawful immigration status.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Prove a Social Security number, or bring a 'no Social Security number' letter from the SSA together with your passport, visa and I-94.
Car insuranceRequired: Owners must keep financial responsibility, such as a liability policy, on any vehicle registered here.

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Montana

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Non-residents 15 and up may drive a car here (not a commercial vehicle) on a current license from where they live, kept on them.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Applicants take vision, knowledge and road tests. The knowledge and road tests can be waived under an exchange agreement with a foreign country.
License swaps2 countries: A valid license from Taiwan or South Korea can be swapped for a Montana license without the knowledge or skills test. CDLs are not part of these agreements.
DocumentsForeign passport with I-94 · Permanent resident card (I-551) · Employment authorization card (I-766) · Refugee travel document (I-571): Every new applicant shows proof of authorized presence, identity and Montana residence. A foreign passport counts with an attached I-94 showing an unexpired status.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A license for someone whose stay is temporarily authorized ends no later than the expiry date of their immigration document.
Social Security numberAsked for: You don't need the card, but you must know your Social Security number so the office can verify it.
Car insuranceRequired: Driving without liability insurance is against the law in Montana, unless you hold a state certificate of self-insurance.

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Nebraska

Official pages read Nov 2026

DocumentsForeign passport with I-94 · Permanent resident card (I-551) · Employment authorization document (I-766) · I-20 or DS-2019 (students and exchange visitors): Non-citizens show proof of lawful status, and every USCIS document is verified before a license is issued. An I-94 or I-766 needs a second document such as an I-797.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A license for someone whose stay is temporary is marked temporary on the front, shows its end date and lasts only for the authorized stay (one year if there's no set end).
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give a valid Social Security number, or show you're exempt with an unexpired I-94 in a valid foreign passport.
Car insuranceRequired: Every registered vehicle needs proof of financial responsibility, carried in the vehicle: an insurance certificate, a bond, a certificate of deposit or self-insurance.

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Nevada

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Non-residents 16 and up may drive on a current license from where they live, kept on them, in the kinds of vehicles it covers.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: Applicants who aren't U.S. citizens take the vision, knowledge and skills tests. Nevada doesn't issue licenses to tourists.
License swaps1 country: Drivers 21 or older with a valid Class B Taiwan license and a verification certificate from a Taiwan consulate can have the drive test waived. They still take the vision test.
DocumentsPermanent resident card (I-551) · Foreign passport with U.S. visa and I-94 · Employment authorization card (I-766) · I-797 notice of action: The card you can get depends on your U.S. immigration documents. Those without them may qualify for a driving-only Driver Authorization Card.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A license issued on immigration documents is marked "Limited Term".
Social Security numberOr another proof: Bring proof of your Social Security number. Applied for one and still waiting? You can note that on the application instead.
Car insuranceRequired: Vehicles registered in Nevada need Nevada liability insurance, with no grace period, and proof carried in the car or on a phone.

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New Hampshire

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Foreign tourists with a valid license from their home country don't need a New Hampshire license.
International Driving PermitNoted: An International Driving Permit can't stand in for your home-country license when you apply for a New Hampshire license.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: With a license from your home country you take the full exam: vision, knowledge and road tests. You also bring your home-country driving record.
License swaps2 countries: Licenses from Canada and France (and U.S. territories) transfer without testing if valid or expired less than one year.
DocumentsPassport with visa · I-94 · I-20 (F-1 students) · DS-2019 (J-1 visitors): Non-citizens living in the state for work or study show their passport and immigration documents, often with a recent employer or school letter. Tourist and fiancé visa holders can't get a license.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A license for a non-citizen living in the state temporarily lasts at most 5 years and can be shorter to match the stay. It stops being valid once the conditions end.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Bring your Social Security card if you are allowed to work, or a denial letter if you aren't eligible to work.
Car insuranceNot required: New Hampshire has no law requiring car insurance. After an uninsured crash you can be held liable for the damage and lose your license until it's settled, then need SR-22 insurance.

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New Jersey

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseWritten and eye; road sometimes: With a license from another country you take the knowledge test and an eye screening, and a road test may follow. Passed tests count for two years.
License swaps2 countries: Drivers 18 or older from Taiwan or South Korea with a valid license, its translation and at least 12 months of lawful presence skip the knowledge and road tests (class D only).
DocumentsForeign passport · Permanent resident card (I-551) · Employment authorization card (I-766) · I-94 (refugee, parolee, asylee): Every applicant passes the 6 Points of ID check with documents like these. Papers not in English need a certified translation.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: New Jersey issues temporary visa-restricted licenses (TVRs) to some visa holders.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give a Social Security number or an ITIN. Someone not eligible for an SSN and without an ITIN can sign an affidavit instead.
Car insuranceRequired: Every vehicle registered in New Jersey must carry liability insurance, and drivers must show proof of insurance.

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New Mexico

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A visitor aged 15 or older with a valid license from their home country may drive here; a license is needed once they become a resident.
Tests for a licenseWritten and eye; road sometimes: A foreign license always means the written test and an eye test. The road test is added when the license can't be read at the office and no certified translation is brought.
DocumentsForeign passport with U.S. visa and I-94 · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · Employment Authorization Document (I-766): For a REAL ID, the MVD checks immigration documents through the federal SAVE system. Without proof of lawful status, only a standard license (not for federal use) can be issued.
Car insuranceRequired: Drivers must carry at least minimum liability insurance; a surety bond or cash deposit with the State Treasurer is the alternative.

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New York

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A visitor with a valid license from their own country can drive in New York without a New York license until they become a resident.
International Driving PermitRecommended: Not required, but helpful: it translates your license so a police officer can read it. Get it in your home country.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: A license from outside the U.S. and Canada can't be exchanged: pass the vision, written and road tests and take the safe driving course.
License swaps1 country: A license from a Canadian province or territory is exchanged like one from another U.S. state: vision test, no written or road test for most drivers.
DocumentsForeign passport with U.S. visa and I-94 (or I-551 stamp) · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · Employment Authorization Card (I-766) · Re-entry Permit (I-327): Proofs of name are scored in points and must add up to six; a foreign passport counts only with a U.S. visa and a valid I-94 or an I-551 stamp.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A license for someone with temporary visitor status carries that status's end date, and is renewed only at a DMV office with updated federal papers.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Without an SSN, you sign a sworn statement that you were never issued one. That standard license is marked not for federal purposes.
Car insuranceRequired: A vehicle registered in New York needs New York-issued liability insurance; the DMV does not accept out-of-state policies.

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North Carolina

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Drivers need a current license from a U.S. state or from another country’s government.
International Driving PermitNoted: North Carolina police do not recognize international driver licenses, so carry your own country's license.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Employment Authorization Card (I-766) · I-20 with I-94 (F and M students) · DS-2019 with I-94 (J visitors): Non-citizens show one U.S. government document proving legal presence. Some documents lead to a card marked not for federal identification.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A license based on temporary legal presence can't outlast that authorization, and it carries a mark showing its limited duration.
Car insuranceRequired: Show printed proof of liability insurance from a North Carolina-licensed company to get a license; an out-of-state policy is not accepted to register a car.

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North Dakota

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: From age 16, a visitor may drive with a valid license from their home country in hand.
International Driving PermitNoted: An International Driving Permit is not a license, only a translation of your own license.
Tests for a licenseWritten, eye and road: A foreign license holder takes a vision screening and the knowledge test; applicants 18 and over then book the road test, and those under 18 follow the permit rules.
DocumentsForeign passport with I-94 · Permanent Resident Card · Employment Authorization Card · I-94 stamped Refugee or Asylee: You prove identity, date of birth and legal presence with one original or certified document; photocopies and other states' licenses are not accepted for this.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: Holders of a nonimmigrant visa or similar status get a temporary license valid only for their authorized stay, or one year if the stay has no end date.
Car insuranceRequired: Vehicle owners must carry liability, uninsured and underinsured motorist, and no-fault coverage.

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Ohio

Official pages read Nov 2026

Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Unless your license is from a reciprocity country, you follow the permit route: vision screening, knowledge test, then the driving test. Temporary residents 21+ also need driver training.
License swaps6 countries: A temporary resident with an unexpired license from these countries can get an Ohio license by presenting it, without the driver training otherwise required.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Passport with visa and I-94 · I-20 or DS-2019 (students) · Employment Authorization Card (I-766): The BMV must confirm legal presence through the federal SAVE system before issuing or renewing a permit, license or ID.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A non-citizen without a green card gets a limited-term license that ends with their immigration document, can't be renewed, and can't be transferred to another state.
Car insuranceRequired: Ohio law requires insurance to drive any motor vehicle, and proof must be shown at traffic stops and crash scenes.

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Oklahoma

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Visitors passing through may drive on a valid foreign license. Once you move to Oklahoma to live, it no longer counts and you need an Oklahoma license.
International Driving PermitNoted: Service Oklahoma accepts an International Driving Permit for temporary travel only, not after you settle here, and doesn’t require visitors to carry one.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: With most foreign licenses you may have to take the written and drive tests. Licenses from the agreement countries skip both. The vision test always applies.
License swaps5 countries: These licenses skip the knowledge and skills tests but not the vision test. France: category B car licenses only. Bring an English translation of your driving record.
DocumentsForeign passport with U.S. visa · I-94 · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · EAD (I-766): Non-citizens show proof of lawful presence. Depending on status, the office may ask for other USCIS papers such as an I-20 or DS-2019.
Social Security numberAsked for: Every applicant gives a Social Security number, and Service Oklahoma confirms it with Social Security before issuing the card.
Car insuranceRequired: Oklahoma law requires liability coverage (security for injury, death and property damage) on any vehicle driven in the state.

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Oregon

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Visitors can use a current license from their home country. Oregon counts as visitors people living elsewhere, military members stationed here and students paying out-of-state tuition.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: A license from Canada, Germany, Japan, South Korea or Taiwan, handed in and not expired over a year, may skip the knowledge and drive tests. The vision test still applies.
License swaps5 countries: Most licenses from these countries transfer without testing. For a motorcycle endorsement, only Canada and Japan transfer without testing.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · EAD (I-766) · Foreign passport with U.S. visa and I-94: These are the lawful-status papers DMV lists for a REAL ID license. For a standard license, a foreign passport is one of the accepted proofs of identity.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: Someone living in the U.S. temporarily gets a limited term REAL ID license. It ends with the authorized stay, or after 1 year if the stay has no end date.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give your Social Security number, or certify electronically that you don't have one.
Car insuranceRequired: Oregon law requires every driver to carry liability insurance and personal injury protection on their vehicles.

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Pennsylvania

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A valid foreign license lets you drive here for up to one year after entering the U.S., or until it expires if that comes first. You must be 16 or older.
International Driving PermitRecommended: PennDOT strongly recommends an International Driving Permit but doesn't require one. It is a translation and isn't valid without your own license.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: A valid car license from an agreement country skips the knowledge and road tests, but you still take a vision test.
License swaps4 countries: A valid non-commercial license from these countries transfers without knowledge or road tests. A French or German transfer isn't finished the same day.
DocumentsI-94 · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · EAD (I-766) · Passport: Non-citizens show documents from the Department of Homeland Security. PennDOT checks them electronically through the federal SAVE program.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A non-citizen's license expires according to the length of stay DHS has approved, as confirmed through SAVE.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give a Social Security number, or bring a Social Security Administration letter saying you aren't eligible for one, with each application.
Car insuranceRequired: Pennsylvania law requires owners to keep liability insurance (financial responsibility) on every registered vehicle.

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Rhode Island

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A nonresident aged 16 or older may drive here as an operator with a valid license from their home country, carried with them.
Tests for a licenseWritten and road: Movers from another country aged 18+ start with an instruction permit: the knowledge exam at the Cranston office, then a road test.
DocumentsI-20 · I-94 · Passport: For F1 and F2 student visas, the DMV lists the I-20, I-94 and passport. The CBP now issues the I-94 electronically, so it doesn't need to be attached to the passport.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Write your Social Security number on the application, or bring a Social Security Administration letter saying you aren't eligible for one.
Car insuranceRequired: Insurance is mandatory: at least liability coverage, from a company licensed to do business in Rhode Island.

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South Carolina

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: International visitors drive on their valid home license. An International Driving Permit may be carried with it as a translation.
International Driving PermitRecommended: Visitors from non-English-speaking countries are strongly advised to get an IDP at home. It is a translation for police, not a license.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: First-time applicants pass knowledge and skills tests unless their valid license is from an agreement country. Everyone passes a vision test.
License swaps8 countries: An unexpired license from these places skips the knowledge and skills tests on a first application. South Korea and Taiwan also need a consulate letter (valid 30 days).
DocumentsPassport with unexpired visa · I-94 · EAD (I-766) · I-20 (F1/F2): Bring every original entry document, even expired ones, plus papers from U.S. immigration showing your current stay is authorized. Foreign-language documents need a translation form.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A non-citizen's REAL ID card says LIMITED TERM. A license is issued for at least one year and at most eight.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give a Social Security number, checked with the SSA, or a Social Security Administration letter saying an SSN was denied.
Car insuranceRequired: A license applicant names their auto liability insurer, which must be licensed in South Carolina. The office may check it electronically.

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South Dakota

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A nonresident aged 16 or older with a valid license from their home country may drive the vehicles that license covers, as far as their home country does the same for South Dakotans.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Employment Authorization Card (I-766) · I-94 with a valid foreign passport: A non-citizen shows one of these to prove lawful status, plus a Social Security document and two proofs of a South Dakota address, and must apply at a state driver exam station.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A license for someone who is not a citizen or permanent resident ends with their authorized stay, if that comes before the usual expiry date.
Social Security numberOr another proof: If you have a Social Security number you show the card (or a W-2, 1099 or pay stub). A nonimmigrant without one shows papers proving they are not authorized to work.
Car insuranceRequired: Every driver or owner must keep financial responsibility on the vehicle: liability insurance, a bond, a deposit or self-insurance. Driving without it is a misdemeanor.

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Tennessee

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A nonresident aged 16 or older with a valid license from their home country may drive in Tennessee, as a Class D (car) driver only.
International Driving PermitNoted: Tennessee does not require an International Driving Permit. It is a translation of your license, not a license on its own.
Social Security numberAsked for: Proof of your Social Security number is required and confirmed with Social Security; a REAL ID needs a document showing all nine digits.
Car insuranceRequired: Tennessee drivers must carry proof of financial responsibility, usually liability insurance; a bond or cash deposit with the Department of Revenue are the other ways.

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Texas

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A valid foreign license may be used for up to one year, or until you become a Texas resident, whichever comes first.
International Driving PermitNoted: Under the international agreements, a driver needs a valid license or international permit translated into English. A license not in English or Spanish must be translated.
After you move here90 days: Once a foreign license holder becomes a Texas resident, they have 90 days to apply for a Texas license.
Tests for a licenseWritten and road sometimes: Licenses from Canada and the five agreement countries skip the written and driving tests. Applicants under 18 from any other country take both.
License swaps5 countries: A valid license from these countries skips the written and driving tests, unless you want to keep the foreign license. Canadian licenses transfer like another state's.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Foreign passport with visa and I-94 · Immigrant visa with temporary I-551 stamp · Employment authorization document (I-766): A non-citizen shows one lawful presence document, and the office checks the period of stay with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security before issuing a card.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A temporary visitor's license reads "Limited Term" and ends when the lawful stay ends; with "duration of status" it lasts one year.
Social Security numberAsked for: Texas asks for your Social Security number and confirms it with Social Security.
Car insuranceRequired: No one may drive in Texas without financial responsibility for the vehicle, usually a liability insurance policy (a surety bond or deposit are the other ways).

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Utah

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A visitor with a current license from another country can drive here for as long as six months.
Tests for a licenseWritten and eye; road sometimes: A foreign license counts as driving experience: you take the eye test and a 25-question open-book written test, and may be asked for a driving test.
License swaps2 countries: Utah has license agreements with these two countries.
DocumentsEAD (I-766 or I-688B) · Foreign passport with visa and I-94 · Lawful presence document · Social Security document: Identity and status documents are checked through the federal SAVE system. Foreign documents need a certified English translation.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A non-citizen's limited-term license ends with the lawful stay or after five years, whichever is first; with no end date on the documents, after one year.
Social Security numberOr another proof: You show a Social Security card or a W-2, 1099 or pay stub with the full number; without one, a letter from the Social Security Administration saying you are not eligible for a number.
Car insuranceRequired: Utah's Financial Responsibility Act requires your vehicle, or you as a driver, to be insured; insurance is the usual way to meet it.

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Vermont

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingLicense + IDP: A visitor aged 18 or older, lawfully in the U.S., may drive on a foreign license for up to one year from arrival. A license not in English must come with an International Driving Permit.
International Driving PermitRequired: An IDP is an English translation and not a license on its own. It is required with a license in another language, and the convention-country list says to carry one.
License swaps1 country: A Taiwan license holder aged 18 or older may skip the knowledge and skills tests, with a notarized translation of the license; a vision exam is still taken.
DocumentsPassport and visa · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · Social Security letter of no SSN (if not authorized to work): Immigration documents are checked through the federal SAVE system, and lawful status must have at least 30 days left before it expires.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A temporary-status holder's card reads "limited term" and ends with the lawful stay; with no end date, you choose a 2- or 4-year card. It is fully valid for driving.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Any of these proves the number: the card, a pay stub, or a W-2 or 1099 tax form. People who can’t get one bring a letter from Social Security instead.
Car insuranceRequired: Every vehicle in Vermont must carry liability insurance of at least the minimum set by law.

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Virginia

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A non-resident with a valid home-country license may drive here; one living in Virginia for a while may do so for up to six months, unless they take a job here.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Drivers 18+ from the agreement countries may skip the knowledge and road tests (Taiwan: knowledge test still needed); all others take both. Everyone takes the vision test. Under 18 can't exchange.
License swaps6 countries: Drivers 18 or older may skip the knowledge and road tests; Taiwan license holders still take the knowledge test. DMV first verifies the foreign license (form DL 7, not needed for Canada).
DocumentsForeign passport with U.S. visa and I-94 or entry stamp · I-20 (F1/F2 students) · DS-2019 (J1/J2) · EAD (I-766): Non-citizens show one proof of legal presence; every document is verified with the agency that issued it. An EAD alone is not accepted for a REAL ID.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: For someone in the U.S. for a limited time, a REAL ID lasts only as long as the authorized stay (one year if it has no end date).
Social Security numberOr another proof: Show proof of a Social Security number only if you have been issued one; if you know it, DMV can check it electronically.
Car insuranceRequired: To buy plates you must certify the vehicle carries at least Virginia's minimum liability insurance.

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Washington

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A visitor may drive on a valid license from their home country for up to one year.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: No knowledge or drive test at 18+ with a license from a listed place; any other country means all the first-license steps. Everyone has a vision screening.
License swaps5 countries: British Columbia, Germany and South Korea: no tests at 18 or older. Taiwan and Japan need a translated certification from their office in Seattle.
DocumentsForeign passport with I-94 or I-551 stamp · Permanent Resident Card · EAD (I-766) · U.S. visa: For a standard license these count toward proof of identity, in set combinations. The enhanced license and the CDL have their own document lists.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Give your Social Security number, or sign a statement that you have none. A CDL always needs the number.
Car insuranceRequired: Drivers must carry liability insurance, or be covered by self-insurance, a certificate of deposit or a liability bond.

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West Virginia

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A non-resident 16 or older with a valid license from their home country may drive here for up to 90 days in a calendar year.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · Foreign passport with English translation · I-94 · U.S. visa (if needed): Non-immigrants bring the immigration papers that show their status and allowed stay, along with a Social Security card and two papers showing a West Virginia address.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A non-citizen's license lasts only as long as their authorized stay in the U.S. (8 years at most), and can be renewed if the stay is extended.
Social Security numberOr another proof: Bring proof of your Social Security number or, if you can’t get one, a denial letter from the Social Security Administration.
Car insuranceRequired: Owners must keep liability insurance (or qualify as a self-insurer) on a registered vehicle, and no one may drive it without that cover.

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Wisconsin

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: Tourists from countries in the 1943 or 1949 road traffic conventions may drive on their valid home license for up to one year from arrival.
International Driving PermitRecommended: Visitors are advised to get an International Driving Permit at home, or carry an English translation; it is a translation used with the home license.
Tests for a licenseEye; written and road sometimes: Drivers 21 or older with 3 years of driving from an agreement country may skip the knowledge and skills tests; everyone passes an eye exam.
License swaps4 countries: Knowledge and skills tests may be waived for a regular license, at 21 or older with 3 years' driving and an unexpired license; a vision exam is still needed.
DocumentsForeign passport with I-94 and U.S. visa · Permanent Resident Card (I-551) · EAD (I-766) · I-797 Notice of Action: Non-citizens show proof of legal presence every time they apply; more document types are accepted for a non-REAL ID card than for a REAL ID.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A lawful temporary visitor's license ends when their documented legal presence ends and is marked "limited term".
Social Security numberOr another proof: If you have a Social Security number you must give it; the form asks no number of those who don't have one.
Car insuranceRequired: No one may drive unless the owner or driver has liability insurance for the vehicle, and drivers must carry proof of it.

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Wyoming

Official pages read Nov 2026

VisitingHome license works: A non-resident may drive here with a valid license from the place they live; the law sets no time limit.
DocumentsPermanent Resident Card (I-551) · EAD (I-766) · Foreign passport · U.S. visa: Non-citizens show proof of identity and every document of their legal presence, and must bring the immigration papers each time they apply.
How long it lastsEnds with your stay: A license for a nonresident alien is temporary, valid only for the stay shown on the immigration papers, and marked NR in the class field.
Social Security numberAsked for: The application asks for your Social Security number; showing the card or another proof of it is recommended but not required.
Car insuranceRequired: An owner may not drive, or let anyone drive, a vehicle that must be registered without a liability policy or bond in force.

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